3/21/2024 0 Comments Consolidation lung sounds![]() ![]() Florid pneumonia with gram-negative bacteria is best treated initially with fluoroquinolones. ![]() Gram staining characteristics and cytology can be useful for initiating antibiotic therapy as soon as possible. Lobar consolidation occurs when alveolar infiltration coalesces to involve an entire bronchial tree.ĭirect airway sampling through tracheal wash, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, or fine needle aspiration of the lung is indicated, when possible, to confirm the etiology of pneumonia and to obtain samples for Gram stain, culture/antibiotic sensitivity testing, and cytology. Canine distemper virus, canine influenza virus, feline calicivirus and even feline herpesvirus-1 should be considered as predisposing causes of pneumonia.Īlveolar infiltrates with air bronchograms are considered the classic radiographic findings in bacterial pneumonia however, diffuse, nonspecific infiltrates may also prevail, particularly in cats. FeLV/FIV serology should be performed in cats with pneumonia, although a direct association has not been made between viral status and the incidence of bacterial pneumonia. A biochemical profile and urinalysis assist in the diagnosis of underlying conditions and systemic involvement. Neutropenia with a degenerative left shift can suggest fulminant pneumonia with pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils. Leukocytosis with a left shift supports the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in an animal with appropriate signs however, this is not always present. These general rules are followed much more closely in dogs than in cats, in which bacterial pneumonia can appear similar to chronic bronchitis.Ī complete database will aid in establishing the severity of the pneumonia and identifying predisposing conditions. A mucopurulent nasal discharge can be observed when animals cough respiratory secretions into the nasopharynx or have concurrent nasal infection. Absence of lung sounds in an area is suggestive of lung consolidation. Thoracic auscultation is typically abnormal with loud or harsh lung sounds, and crackles can be variably detected throughout the lung fields. ![]() Parenchymal infection with alveolar flooding by inflammatory debris leads to restrictive lung disease, and a rapid shallow breathing pattern results. An early clue to the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia is a change in the respiratory pattern. However, some animals (and particularly cats) present with more vague signs of illness, such as malaise, depression, anorexia, and weight loss. Animals with bacterial pneumonia usually have a history of a productive cough, fever, tachypnea, and respiratory distress. ![]()
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